Process for production of hydroxyadamantaneamine

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a process for producing 1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Division of application Ser. No. 12/447,795, filedApr. 29, 2009, which is a U.S. National Stage of PCT/JP2007/068962,filed Sep. 28, 2007, which applications are incorporated herein byreference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a process for producing1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane.

BACKGROUND ART

1-Hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane is a compound useful as a raw material for,or an intermediate for synthesizing a medicament and, for example, canbe utilized as an intermediate for synthesizing a compound having 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibiting activity described in PatentDocument 1, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3.

Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 disclose a process forproducing 1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane by reacting 2-aminoadamantane witha mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to perform hydroxylation. Inthe reaction, a ratio of produced diastereomers is advantageous for asyn isomer, and syn isomer:anti isomer is 3:1 to 1:1.

Table 1, Entry 6 in Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone and benzylamine are reacted in the presence ofH₂/5% Pt—C, and anti isomer:syn isomer is obtained at 1:1. In addition,Table 2, Entry 8 discloses that 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone and benzylamineare reacted in the presence of H₂/5% Rh—C and Al (iOPr)₃, and antiisomer:syn isomer is obtained at 2.7:1. A production ratio of antiisomer/syn isomer in these two experimental examples was measured by¹H-NMR, and any compounds were not isolated.

Patent Document 1 discloses a process for producing an anti isomer of1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane by reacting 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone and L(−)-1-phenyl-ethylamine in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst(e.g. rhodium supported on carbon), purifying the resultingdiastereomers by column chromatography, isolating an anti isomer, andsubjecting the isomer to debenzylation.

Patent Document 2 discloses a process for producing an anti isomer byreacting 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone and ammonia/methanol in the presenceof sodium borohydride, amidating the resulting diastereomer mixture, andpurifying the resulting amido isomer by column chromatography.

Patent Document 3 discloses a process for producing an anti isomer bysubjecting a diastereomer mixture of 1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane, andcarboxylic acid to amidation, and purifying the resulting amido isomerby column chromatography.

In the processes described in any document, it is necessary to purifythe resulting diastereomer mixture by column chromatography, andindustrial utilization was difficult.

-   [Non-Patent Document 1] Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii 1976, 12(11),    2369-   [Non-Patent Document 2] Khimiko Farmatsevticheskii Zhumal 1986,    20(7), 810-   [Non-Patent Document 3] Tetrahedron Letters 47 (2006) 8063-   [Patent Document 1] WO 04/056745-   [Patent Document 2] WO 05/108368-   [Patent Document 3] WO 05/016877

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

The present invention provides an effective process for producing1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane useful as a raw material for, or anintermediate for synthesizing a medicament.

Means to Solve the Problems

The present inventor have found that, as an effective process forproducing 1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane, unlike Patent Document 1,5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone, and benzylamine represented by the formula (I)are reacted in the presence of a reducing agent, and the resultingdiastereomer can be purified by crystallization. In addition, it hasfound that, by subjecting the resulting anti isomer to debenzylation, ananti isomer of 1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane can be produced at a highpurity.

The present invention includes:

-   (1) A process for producing a compound represented by the formula    (II):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are as defined below)-   comprising reacting a compound represented by the formula (1):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen,    carboxy, nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted    alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted    arylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R²,    when a binding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with    an adjacent carbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring)-   and 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone in the presence of a reducing agent;-   (2) The process according to the above (1), comprising reductive    amination in which an acid is added;-   (3) The process according to the above (2), wherein the acid is an    organic acid or an inorganic acid (with the proviso that, an acid    composed of a metal compound is excluded);-   (4) The process according to any one of the above (1) to (3),    wherein the reducing agent used in reductive amination is a hydride    reducing agent;-   (5) The process according to any one of the above (1) to (3),    wherein the reducing agent is a reducing agent selected from the    group consisting of sodium triacetoxyhydroborate, sodium    borohydride, lithium tetrahydroborate, pyridine borane complex,    tetrahydrofuran borane complex, dimethyl sulfite-borane complex,    2-picoline borane complex and sodium;-   (6) The process according to any one of the above (3) to (5),    wherein the solvent used is a solvent selected from the group    consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, xylene,    dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichioroethane, diethyl ether,    dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol,    isopropanol, tert-butanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and water;-   (7) The process according to the above (6), wherein the solvent used    is dichloromethane, methanol or ethanol;-   (8) A process for producing a compound represented by the    formula (III) comprising separating a compound represented by the    formula (III):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are as defined in the above (1))-   from a compound represented by the formula (II):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are as defined in the above (1));-   (9) A process for producing a compound represented by the formula    (IV):

-   comprising deprotecting a compound represented by the formula (III):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are as defined in the above (1));-   (10) The process for producing a compound represented by the formula    (IV):

-   according to the above (9), comprising a step of producing a    compound represented by the formula (III):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are as defined in the above (1))-   by the process according to the above (8);-   (11) The process for producing a compound (IV):

-   according to the above (10), comprising a step of producing a    compound represented by the formula (II):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are as defined in the above (1))-   by the process according to any one of the above (1) to (7);-   (12) A compound represented by the formula (II):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are as defined in the above (1))-   or a salt thereof or a solvate thereof;-   (13) A compound represented by the formula (II):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen,    carboxy, nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted    alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted    arylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R²,    when a binding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with    an adjacent carbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring)    (with the proviso that, the case where R¹ and R² are hydrogen at the    same time is excluded),-   or a salt thereof, or a solvate thereof;-   (14) A compound represented by the formula (III):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are as defined in the above (1))-   or a salt thereof, or a solvate thereof;-   (15) A compound represented by the formula (III):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen,    carboxy, nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted    alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted    arylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R²,    when a binding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with    an adjacent carbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring)    (with the proviso that, the case where R¹ and R² are hydrogen at the    same time is excluded),-   or a salt thereof, or a solvate thereof;-   (16) A process for producing a compound represented by the formula    (VI):

-   comprising obtaining a compound (IV) by the process according to any    one of the above (9) to (11), and reacting the resulting (IV) with a    compound represented by the formula (V): A-R³—R⁴—R⁵—X-   (wherein A is an optionally substituted cyclic hydrocarbon group or    an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, R³ is a single bond,    —C(═O)—, —O— or —NR⁶—, R⁴ is a single bond or optionally substituted    alkylene, R⁵ is a single bond or —C(═O)—, X is a hydroxy group,    halogen, or a leaving group derived from a hydroxy group, and R⁶ is    a hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl);-   (17) A crystal of compound represented by the formula (III):

-   (wherein R¹ and R² are as defined in the above (1))-   or a salt thereof or a solvate thereof;-   (18) The crystal according to the above (17), wherein R¹ and R² are    each independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl    or optionally substituted alkoxy; and-   (19) The crystal according to the above (17) or (18), wherein R¹ and    R² are hydrogen, and a diffraction angle 2θ of a main peak of powder    X ray diffraction is 9.9, 14.8, 16.0, 17.2, 17.5, and 19.8 degree.

Effect of the Invention

As apparent from test results described later, the compound (IV) of thepresent invention is a compound useful as a raw material for, or anintermediate for synthesizing a medicament. In addition, the novelprocess for producing the compound (IV) can be utilized for industrialproduction as a high yield and safe process.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In the present specification, “halogen” includes fluorine, chlorine,bromine or iodine. Particularly, fluorine, chlorine and bromine arepreferable.

“Alkyl” includes a straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10carbon atom(s), and example includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl,neopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl or thelike. Preferable is alkyl having 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon atom(s), andexample includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl,sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, orisohexyl.

“Cycloalkyl” includes a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to15 carbon atoms, and example includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, a bridged cyclichydrocarbon group, a spiro hydrocarbon group or the like. Preferableexample includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or abridged cyclic hydrocarbon group.

“Bridged cyclic hydrocarbon group” includes a group derived by removingone hydrogen atom from an aliphatic cycle having 5 to 8 carbon atomswhich consists of two or more rings share two or more atoms.Specifically, example includes bicyclo[2.1.0]pentyl,bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl,tricyclo[2.2.1.0]heptyl or the like.

“Spiro hydrocarbon group” includes a group derived by removing onehydrogen from a cycle which consists of two hydrocarbon rings that shareone carbon atom. Specifically, example includes spiro[3.4]octyl or thelike.

“Halogenated alkyl” includes alkyl substituted with one or more halogenatoms. The alkyl part and the halogen part are as described above.

“Alkenyl” includes straight or branched alkenyl having 2 to 8 carbonatoms and one or more double bonds in the above “alkyl”, and exampleincludes vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl,1,3-butadienyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl or the like.

“Cycloalkenyl” includes a cyclic unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon grouphaving 3 to 7 carbon atoms, and example includes cyclopropenyl,cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl or cycloheptenyl, preferablycyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl or cyclohexenyl. Cycloalkenylalso includes a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon group and a spiro hydrocarbongroup having an unsaturated bond in a ring.

“Alkynyl” includes straight or branched alkynyl having 2 to 8 carbonatoms and one or more triple bonds in the above “alkyl”, and exampleincludes ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl or the like.

“Aryl” includes a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group (e.g.: phenyl)or a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group (e.g.: 1-naphthyl,2-naphthyl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 9-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl,2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl, 4-phenanthryl, 9-phenanthryl and thelike). Preferable example includes phenyl or naphthyl (1-naphthyl,2-naphthyl).

“Heteroaryl” includes a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group or afused aromatic heterocyclic group. The monocyclic aromatic heterocyclicgroup means a group which is derived from a 5- to 8-membered aromaticring optionally containing 1 to 4 of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atomand/or a nitrogen atom in the ring, and may have a bond at asubstitutable arbitrary position. The fused aromatic heterocyclic groupincludes a group in which a 5- to 8-membered aromatic ring optionallycontaining 1 to 4 of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and/or a nitrogenatom in a ring is fused with 1 to 4 of 5- to 8-membered aromaticcarbocycle(s) or other 5- to 8-membered aromatic heterocycle(s), andwhich may have a bond at a substitutable arbitrary position.

Example of the “heteroaryl” includes furyl (e.g.: 2-furyl, 3-furyl),thienyl (e.g.: 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl), pyrrolyl (e.g.: 1-pyrrolyl,2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl), imidazolyl (e.g.: 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl,4-imidazolyl), pyrazolyl (e.g.: 1-pyrazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl),triazolyl (e.g.: 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl,1,2,4-triazol-4-yl), tetrazolyl (e.g.: 1-tetrazolyl, 2-tetrazolyl,5-tetrazolyl), oxazolyl (e.g.: 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl),isoxazolyl (e.g.: 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl), thiazolyl(e.g.: 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl), thiadiazolyl,isothiazolyl (e.g.: 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl),pyridyl (e.g.: 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl), pyridazinyl (e.g.:3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl), pyrimidinyl (e.g.: 2-pyrimidinyl,4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl), furazanyl (e.g.: 3-furazanyl), pyrazinyl(e.g.: 2-pyrazinyl), oxadiazolyl (e.g.: 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,),benzofuryl (e.g.: 2-benzo[b]furyl, 3-benzo[b]fury, 4-benzo[b]furyl,5-benzo[b]furyl, 6-benzo[b]furyl, 7-benzo[b]fury), benzothienyl (e.g.:2-benzo[b]thienyl, 3-benzo[b]thienyl, 4-benzo[b]thienyl,5-benzo[b]thienyl, 6-benzo[b]thienyl, 7-benzo[b]thienyl), benzimidazolyl(e.g.: 1-benzimidazolyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 4-benzimidazolyl,5-benzimidazolyl), dibenzofuryl, benzoxazolyl, quinoxalyl (e.g.:2-quinoxalinyl, 5-quinoxalinyl, 6-quinoxalinyl), cinnolinyl (e.g.:3-cinnolinyl, 4-cinnolinyl, 5-cinnolinyl, 6-cinnolinyl, 7-cinnolinyl,8-cinnolinyl), quinazolyl (e.g.: 2-quinazolinyl, 4-quinazolinyl,5-quinazolinyl, 6-quinazolinyl, 7-quinazolinyl, 8-quinazolinyl),quinolyl (e.g. 2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 4-quinolyl, 5-quinolyl,6-quinolyl, 7-quinolyl, 8-quinolyl), phthalazinyl (e.g.: 1-phthalazinyl,5-phthalazinyl, 6-phthalazinyl), isoquinolyl (e.g.: 1-isoquinolyl,3-isoquinolyl, 4-isoquinolyl, 5-isoquinolyl, 6-isoquinolyl,7-isoquinolyl, 8-isoquinolyl), puryl, pteridinyl (e.g.: 2-pteridinyl,4-pteridinyl, 6-pteridinyl, 7-pteridinyl), carbazolyl, phenanthridinyl,acridinyl (e.g.: 1-acridinyl, 2-acridinyl, 3-acridinyl, 4-acridinyl,9-acridinyl), indolyl (e.g.: 1-indolyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl,5-indolyl, 6-indolyl, 7-indolyl), isoindolyl, phenazinyl (e.g.:1-phenazinyl, 2-phenazinyl), phenothiazinyl (e.g.: 1-phenothiazinyl,2-phenothiazinyl, 3-phenothiazinyl, 4-phenothiazinyl) or the like.

“Heterocycle” includes a non-aromatic heterocyclic group optionallycontaining 1 to 4 of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and/or a nitrogenatom in a ring, and may have a bond at a substitutable arbitraryposition. In addition, such a non-aromatic heterocyclic group may befurther bridged with an alkyl chain having 1 to 4 carbon atom(s), or maybe fused with cycloalkane (5- to 6-membered ring is preferable) or abenzene ring. The heterocycle may be saturated or unsaturated as far asit is non-aromatic. Preferable is a 5- to 8-membered ring. Exampleincludes 1-pyrrolinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl,2-pyrrolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 1-imidazolinyl, 2-imidazolinyl,4-imidazolinyl, 1-imidazolidinyl, 2-imidazolidinyl, 4-imidazolidinyl,1-pyrazolinyl, 3-pyrazolinyl, 4-pyrazolinyl, 1-pyrazolidinyl,3-pyrazolidinyl, 4-pyrazolidinyl, piperidino, 2-piperidinyl,3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl,2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyranyl or the like.

“Cyclic hydrocarbon group” includes the above “cycloalkyl”,“cycloalkenyl”, or “aryl”.

“Heterocyclic group” includes the above “heteroaryl or heterocycle”.

The alkyl part of “alkoxy”, “alkoxycarbonyl”, “alkylsulfonyl”,“alkylcarbonyl” and “alkylthio” means the above “alkyl”.

The cycloalkyl part of “cycloalkylsulfonyl”, “cycloalkyloxycarbonyl” and“cycloalkylcarbonyl” means the above “cycloalkyl”.

The aryl part of “aryloxy”, “aryloxycarbonyl”, “arylsulfonyl”,“arylcarbonyl” and “arylthio” means the above “aryl”.

The heteroaryl part of “heteroarylcarbonyl”, “heteroarylsulfonyl” and“heteroaryloxycarbonyl” means the above “heteroaryl”.

The heterocycle part of “heterocyclecarbonyl”, “heterocyclesulfonyl” and“heterocycleoxycarbonyl” means the above “heterocycle.”

The alkoxy part and the halogen part of “halogenated alkoxy” are asdescribed above.

“Acyl” includes formyl, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl, optionallysubstituted alkenylcarbonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylcarbonyl,optionally substituted cycloalkenylcarbonyl, optionally substitutedarylcarbonyl, optionally substituted heteroarylcarbonyl, or optionallysubstituted heterocyclecarbonyl.

“Aralkyl” means the above “alkyl” substituted with 1 to 3 of the above“aryl”.

The aralkyl part of “aralkylcarbonyl” is as described above.

“Alkylene” includes a divalent group comprising 1 to 6 methylene(s) and,specifically, example includes methylene, ethylene, trimethylene,tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene or the like.

R¹ and R², when a binding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken togetherwith an adjacent carbon atom to form a ring. The ring means a 5- to7-membered (preferably, 5-membered or 6-membered) saturated orunsaturated ring optionally containing 1 to 3 hetero atom(s). Forexample, as a cyclic group which is formed by R¹ and R² with a benzenering to which they bind, the following groups are exemplified.

Example of the “leaving group derived from hydroxy group” includes —OMs,—OTs, —OTf, —ONs or the like. Wherein, “Ms” represents a methanesulfonylgroup, “Ts” represents a para-toluenesulfonyl group, “Tf” represents atrifluoromethanesulfonyl group, and “Ns” represents anorthonitrobenzenesulfonyl group.

“Optionally substituted alkyl”, “optionally substituted alkoxy”,“optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl”, “optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl”, “optionally substituted sulfamoyl”, “optionallysubstituted ring formed by R¹ and R² together with an adjacent carbonatom”, “optionally substituted cyclic hydrocarbon group”, “optionallysubstituted heterocyclic group”, and “optionally substituted alkylene”may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituent(s) selected from a groupconsisting of, for example, hydroxy, carboxy, halogen, halogenated alkyl(e.g. CF₃, CH₂CF₃, CH₂CCl₃), alkyl (e.g.: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl,tert-butyl), alkenyl (e.g.: vinyl), alkynyl (e.g.: ethynyl), cycloalkyl(e.g.: cyclopropyl), cycloalkenyl (e.g.: cyclopropenyl), alkoxy (e.g.:methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy), halogenated alkoxy (e.g.: OCF₃),alkenyloxy (e.g.: vinyloxy, allyloxy), aryloxy (e.g.: phenoxy),alkoxycarbonyl (e.g.: methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl,tert-butoxycarbonyl), nitro, nitroso, optionally substituted amino(e.g.: alkylamino (e.g.: methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino),acylamino (e.g.: acetylamino, benzoylamino), aralkylamino (e.g.:benzylamino, tritylamino), hydroxyamino, alkoxycarbonylamino,alkylsulfonylamino, carbamolylamino, heterocyclecarbonylamino,arylsulfonylamino), azido, aryl (e.g.: phenyl), aralkyl (e.g.: benzyl),cyano, isocyano, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, mercapto,alkylthio (e.g.: methylthio), alkylsulfonyl (e.g.: methanesulfonyl,ethanesulfonyl), optionally substituted carbamoyl (e.g.: alkylcarbamoyl(e.g.: methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl),alkylsulfonylcarbamoyl), sulfamoyl, acyl (e.g.: formyl, acetyl),formyloxy, haloformyl, oxalo, thioformyl, thiocarboxy, dithiocarboxy,thiocarbamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, sulfoamino,hydrazino, azido, ureido, amidino, guanidino, phthalimido, oxo,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, alkylene,optionally substituted alkylenedioxy (—O—CH₂—O—, —O—CH₂—CH₂—O—,—O—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—O— etc.), heteroaryloxy, heterocycleoxy, alkoxycarbonyl,aryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, heterocycleoxycarbonyl,alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, heteroarylcarbonyloxy,heterocyclecarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl,heterocyclecarbonyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio,heterocyclethio, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,heterocyclesulfonyl, thiocarbamoyl, sulfamoyl and the like.

“Optionally substituted cycloalkyl”, “optionally substitutedcycloalkenyl”, “optionally substituted aryl”, “optionally substitutedheteroaryl”, “optionally substituted heterocycle”, “optionallysubstituted alkylene”, “optionally substituted alkylenedioxy”,“optionally substituted heteroaryloxy”, “optionally substitutedheterocycleoxy”, “optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl”, “optionallysubstituted aryloxycarbonyl”, “optionally substitutedheteroaryloxycarbonyl”, “optionally substituted heterocycleoxycarbonyl”,“optionally substituted alkylcarbonyloxy”, “optionally substitutedarylcarbonyloxy”, “optionally substituted heteroarylcarbonyloxy”,“optionally substituted heterocyclecarbonyloxy”, “optionally substitutedalkylcarbonyl”, “optionally substituted arylcarbonyl”, “optionallysubstituted heteroarylcarbonyl”, “optionally substitutedheterocyclecarbonyl”, “optionally substituted alkylthio”, “optionallysubstituted arylthio”, “optionally substituted heteroarylthio”,“optionally substituted heterocyclethio”, “optionally substitutedalkylsulfonyl”, “optionally substituted arylsulfonyl”, “optionallysubstituted heteroarylsulfonyl”, and “optionally substitutedheterocyclesulfonyl” may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituent(s)selected from a group consisting of, for example, hydroxy, carboxy,halogen, halogenated alkyl (e.g.: CF₃, CH₂CF₃, CH₂CCl₃), alkyl (e.g.:methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl), alkenyl (e.g.: vinyl), alkynyl(e.g.: ethynyl), cycloalkyl (e.g.: cyclopropyl), cycloalkenyl (e.g.:cyclopropenyl), alkoxy (e.g.: methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy),halogenated alkoxy (e.g.: OCF₃), alkenyloxy (e.g.: vinyloxy, allyloxy),aryloxy (e.g.: phenoxy), alkoxycarbonyl (e.g.: methoxycarbonyl,ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl), nitro, nitroso, optionallysubstituted amino (e.g.: alkylamino (e.g.: methylamino, ethylamino,dimethylamino), acylamino (e.g.: acetylamino, benzoylamino),aralkylamino (e.g.: benzylamino, tritylamino), hydroxyamino,alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, carbamolylamino,heterocyclecarbonylamino, arylsulfonylamino), azido, aryl (e.g.:phenyl), aralkyl (e.g.: benzyl), cyano, isocyano, isocyanate,thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, mercapto, alkylthio (e.g.: methylthio),alkylsulfonyl (e.g.: methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl), optionallysubstituted carbamoyl (e.g.: alkylcarbamoyl (e.g.: methylcarbamoyl,ethylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl), alkylsulfonylcarbamoyl), sulfamoyl,acyl (e.g.: formyl, acetyl), formyloxy, haloformyl, oxalo, thioformyl,thiocarboxy, dithiocarboxy, thiocarbamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, sulfonyl,sulfinyl, sulfoamino, hydrazino, azido, ureido, amidino, guanidino,phthalimido, oxo, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl,heterocycle, alkylene, alkylenedioxy (—O—CH₂—O—, —O—CH₂—CH₂—O—,—O—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—O— etc.), heteroaryl heterocycleoxy, alkoxycarbonyl,aryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, heterocycleoxycarbonyl,alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, heteroarylcarbonyloxy,heterocyclecarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl,heterocyclecarbonyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio,heterocyclethio, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,heterocyclesulfonyl and the like.

Example of a substituent of “optionally substituted amino”, “optionallysubstituted carbamoyl”, “optionally substituted thiocarbamoyl, and“optionally substituted sulfamoyl” includes alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl,heteroarylcarbonyl, heterocyclecarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,aryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, heterocycleoxycarbonyl,sulfamoyl, alkylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclesulfonyl, acyl, hydroxy, sulfonyl,sulfinyl, amino or the like.

Among the present compound, as the compound represented by the formula(I), the followings are preferable.

A in the formula (V) and the formula (VI) is preferably an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic group. Further preferably, example includesoptionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substitutedheterocycle. More preferably, example includes furan, thiophene,pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, oxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, pyridine,morpholine, piperidine, piperazine, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrothiophene,benzoxazine, benzofuran, or pyrrolopyridine. Particularly, isoxazole andpyrazole are preferable, but not limited thereto. In addition as A, anoptionally substituted cyclic hydrocarbon group is exemplified.Preferable is phenyl.

Example of a substituent includes —OR⁷, —SR⁷, optionally substitutedalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl,optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl,optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl,optionally substituted heterocycle, a group represented by the formula:—CH═CH—C(R^(a)R^(b))—R^(c)—R^(d), a group represented by the formula:—(CR^(e)R^(f))_(m)—C(R^(a)R^(b))—R^(c)—R^(d) or the like.

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently hydrogen, optionally substitutedalkyl or halogen, or R^(a) and R^(b) may be taken together with anadjacent carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionallysubstituted ring,

R^(c) is —(CH₂)_(n)— (wherein n is an integer of 0 to 3),

R^(d) is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, optionallysubstituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionallysubstituted alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionallysubstituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocycle, a grouprepresented by the formula: —C(═O)—NR^(g)R^(h) or a group represented bythe formula: —NR^(i)R^(j),

R^(e) and R^(f) are each independently hydrogen, halogen or optionallysubstituted alkyl,

R^(g) and R^(h) are each independently hydrogen, optionally substitutedalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl,optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl,optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl,optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substitutedalkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfonyl, optionallysubstituted arylsulfonyl, optionally substituted heteroarylsulfonyl,optionally substituted heterocyclesulfonyl, optionally substitutedalkoxy, optionally substituted carbamoyl, or R^(g) and R^(h) may betaken together with an adjacent nitrogen atom to which they are attachedto form an optionally substituted ring,

R^(i) and R^(j) are each independently hydrogen, carboxy, hydroxy,optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionallysubstituted alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionallysubstituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionallysubstituted acyl, optionally substituted carbamoyl, optionallysubstituted thiocarbamoyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl,optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, optionally substituted heteroarylsulfonyl, optionallysubstituted heterocyclesulfonyl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl,optionally substituted cycloalkyloxycarbonyl, optionally substitutedaryloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxycarbonyl,optionally substituted heterocycleoxycarbonyl, optionally substitutedalkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylcarbonyl, optionallysubstituted arylcarbonyl, optionally substituted heteroarylcarbonyl,optionally substituted heterocyclecarbonyl, or optionally substitutedsulfamoyl, or R^(i) and R^(j) may be taken together with an adjacentnitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionallysubstituted ring,

R⁷ is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl,optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl,optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted heterocycle,and

m is an integer of 1 to 3.

R¹ is preferably a single bond.

R² is preferably a single bond.

R³ is preferably —C(═O)—.

X is preferably a hydroxy group.

Details of compounds represented by the formula (V) and the formula (VI)and processes for producing them are collectively described inInternational Publication WO 2006/132197, International Publication WO2007/058346, PCT/JP2007/056538, and Japanese Patent Application No.2007-132259.

As shown below, among the present compound, the compound represented bythe formula (II) is equal to compounds represented by the formula (II′)and the formula (II″), the compound represented by the formula (III) isequal to compounds represented by the formula (III′) and the formula(III″), and the compound represented by the formula (IV) is equal tocompounds represented by the formula (IV′) and the formula (IV″).

In addition, among the present compound, the compound represented by theformula (II″) means a mixture of the compound represented by the formula(III) and the compound represented by the formula (III′″).

“Organic acid” is a generic name of organic compounds exhibitingacidity, and example includes formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid,benzenesulfonic acid, citric acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid,methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or the like.

“Inorganic acid” is a generic name of inorganic compounds exhibitingacidity, and example includes hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitricacid, phosphoric acid or the like.

“Acid composed of metal compound” means a compound containing a metalelement among acids which can accept an electron pair upon binding witha base, and example includes Al (i-OPr)₃, AlCl₃, BF₃, TiCl₄, FeCl₃,ZnCl₂, SnCl₄ or the like.

“Hydride reducing agent” means a reagent which can donate hydrogen as anucleophilic agent. Example includes sodium triacetoxyhydroborate,sodium borohydride, lithium tetrahydroborate, pyridine borane complex,tetrahydrofuran borane complex, 2-picoline borane complex, dimethylsulfide-borane complex, sodium cyanoborohydride, lithiumtriethylborohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, Red-Al [sodiumbis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride], L-Selectride [lithiumtri(sec-butyl)borohydride], K-Selectride [potassiumtri(sec-butyl)borohydride], DIBAL-H (diisobutylaluminum hydride) or thelike.

In reductive amination, in addition to reduction using the above hydridereducing agent, reduction can be also performed by a hydrogenationreaction in the presence of a catalyst. As the catalyst, ruthenium,rhodium, palladium, platinum, or nickel can be used. When thehydrogenation reaction is performed in the presence of a catalyst, sincehydride is generated in a reaction system, the reaction condition isalso included in the above “hydride reducing agent.”

Alternatively, reductive amination using sodium can be also performed.

As a salt of the present compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt ispreferable. Example of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt includes thefollowing salts.

Example of a basic salt includes alkali metal salts such as sodium saltand potassium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt andmagnesium salt; ammonium salt; aliphatic amine salts such astrimethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt,ethanolamine salt, diethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt, procainesalt, meglumine salt, diethanolamine salt and ethylenediamine salt;aralkylamine salts such as N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine salt andbenethamine salt; heterocyclic aromatic amine salts such as pyridinesalt, picoline salt, quinoline salt, and isoquinoline salt; quaternaryammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium salt, tetraethylammoniumsalt, benzyltrimethylammonium salt, benzyltriethylammonium salt,benzyltributylammonium salt, methyltrioctylammonium salt, andtetrabutylammonium salt; basic amino acid salts such as arginine salt,and lysine salt or the like.

Example of an acidic salt includes inorganic acid salts such ashydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, carbonate,hydrogencarbonate, and perchlorate; organic acid salts such as acetate,propionate, lactate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, malate, citrate, andascorbate; sulfonates such as methanesulfonate, isethionate,benzenesulfonate, and p-toluenesulfonate; acidic amino acid salts suchas aspartate and glutamate or the like.

Solvate means a solvate of the present compound and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, and example includes alcohol(e.g., ethanol)solvate, hydrate or the like. Example of hydrate includes monohydrate,dihydrate or the like.

The compound (IV) can be synthesized, for example, by the followingmethod.

(wherein R¹ and R² are as defined above; as the compound represented bythe formula (I) and 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone, the known compounds may beused, or compounds derived from the known compounds by the conventionalmethod may be used)

(First Step)

The first step is a step of reacting the compound represented by theformula (I) and 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone in the presence of a reducingagent.

In the reaction, example of a solvent includes N-dimethylformamide,dimethyl sulfoxide, aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. toluene, benzene, andxylene), saturated hydrocarbons (e.g. cyclohexane and hexane),halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. dichloromethane, chloroform, and1,2-dichloroethane), ethers (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether,dioxane, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane), esters (e.g. methyl acetate and ethylacetate), ketones (e.g. acetone and methyl ethyl ketone), nitriles (e.g.acetonitrile), alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, andtert-butanol), water, a mixed solvent thereof or the like. Preferable ishalogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. dichloromethane, chloroform, and1,2-dichloroethane), nitriles (e.g. acetonitrile), ethers (e.g.tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane),alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and tert-butanol), wateror the like.

Preferable is N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, xylene,dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, diethyl ether, dioxane,1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol,tert-butanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran or water, but not limitedthereto.

Further preferable is dichloromethane, methanol, or ethanol.

A use amount of the solvent is not particularly limited, but such anarbitrary amount that can form solution or slurry to react can be used.For example, letting a weight of 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone to be v (g), aminimum amount of the solvent is about 1 v (ml), preferably about 2 v(ml), and more preferably about 3 v (ml). A maximum amount is notparticularly limited, but in view of a production efficacy, it is about20 v (ml), preferably about 15 v (ml), and more preferably about 10 v(ml). To the above prepared solution may be added the compound (I) andan acid.

A use amount of the compound (I) may be directly added to the reactionsolution, or may be added after the compound is dissolved in a solvent.The amount used is 1 to 1.5 equivalents relative to that of5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone.

The acid can be used at 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2equivalents relative to 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone. As the acid, aceticacid, formic acid, citric acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid,methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phosphoric acid,hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid can be used. In the step, thereaction proceeds without using acid, but preferably with using acid. Asacid, acetic acid is preferable.

The reaction solution may be stirred usually at about 0 to 50° C.,preferably at about 20 to 4° C. usually for 5 minutes to 5 hours,preferably for 10 minutes to 2 hours to form an imine form, but notlimited thereto.

The above prepared reaction solution is cooled to about −20 to 10° C.,preferably about −10 to 5° C., but not limited, and a reducing agent isslowly added thereto. Example of the reducing agent includes sodiumtriacetoxyhydroborate, sodium borohydride, lithium tetrahydroborate,pyridine borane complex, tetrahydrofuran borane complex, 2-picolineborane complex, dimethyl sulfide-borane complex, sodium, sodiumcyanoborohydride, lithium triethylborohydride, lithium aluminum hydride,Red-Al [sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride], L-Selectride[lithium tri(sec-butyl)borohydride], K-Selectride [potassiumtri(sec-butyl)borohydride], DIBAL-H (diisobutylaluminum hydride) or thelike can be used. Preferable is sodium triacetoxyhydroborate, sodiumborohydride, lithium tetrahydroborate, pyridine borane complex,tetrahydrofuran borane complex, 2-picoline borane complex, sodium,lithium aluminum hydride or Red-Al. Preferable is sodium borohydride.The amount used is 0.5 to 15 equivalents, preferably 1 to 10equivalents, but not limited thereto.

The reaction solution may be stirred at about 20 to 40° C., preferablyabout 20 to 30° C. usually for 10 minutes to 36 hours, preferably 30minutes to 24 hours, but not limited thereto.

(Second Step)

The second step is a step of obtaining an anti isomer by crystallizationpurification from a diastereomer mixture.

A solvent used in crystallization is not particularly limited, and afterthe mixture is dissolved in a solubilizing solvent, a poor solvent canbe added to precipitate a crystal. Example of the solubilizing solventincludes esters (e.g. methyl acetate and ethyl acetate), alcohols (e.g.:methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and tert-butanol), ketones (e.g. acetoneand methyl ethyl ketone), ethers (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether,dioxane, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. toluene,benzene, and xylene), halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. dichloromethane,chloroform, and 1,2-dichloroethane) or the like.

As the poor solvent, for example, saturated hydrocarbons (e.g.cyclohexane and hexane), ethers (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether,dioxane, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. toluene,benzene, and xylene), water or the like can be used. A volume ratio ofthe solubilizing solvent and the poor solvent, letting a weight of5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone to be v (g), is not particularly limited, butan amount of the solubilizing solvent is about 2 v (ml) or less,preferably about 1.5 v (ml), and more preferably about 1 v (ml), and anamount of the poor solvent is about 20 v (ml) or less, preferably about15 v (ml), and more preferably about 10 v (ml). When crystallization canbe performed only with the solubilizing solvent, the poor solvent maynot be used. In the crystallization, stirring may be performed at −20 to40° C., and preferably about 0 to 30° C., but not limited thereto.

The resulting crystal can be obtained by filtration or the like. In thiscase, since a syn isomer is dissolved in the filtrate, the purificationeffect by crystallization is obtained.

An X ray diffraction pattern of a crystal of the compound represented bythe formula (III) produced in the second step can be obtained by powderX ray diffraction.

Since the crystal is stable, is easy to handle in performing theaforementioned production step, or producing a pharmaceuticalcomposition containing a diastereomer represented by the formula (VI) asan active ingredient, and is of high purity, it is a crystal useful forproducing a pharmaceutical composition.

For the crystal of the compound represented by the formula (III), an Xray diffraction pattern will be shown in Example 2 below (X raydiffraction measuring condition: tube CuKα ray, tube voltage 40 kV, tubecurrent 40 mA, d sin θ=nλ (n is integer, d is spacing (unit: angstrom),and θ is diffraction angle (unit: degree))).

These crystals are characterized by each diffraction angle or a value ofspacing.

(Third Step)

The third step is a step of subjecting the compound represented by theformula (III) to debenzylation to produce a compound represented by theformula (IV).

As a solvent, the solvents described in the first step can be used.Preferable is ethers (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, and1,2-dimethoxyethane) or alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol,and tert-butanol). An amount used of the solvent is not particularlylimited, and such an arbitrary amount that can form a reactive solutionor slurry can be used. For example, letting a weight of the compoundrepresented by the formula (III) to be v (g), a minimum amount of thesolvent is about 1 v (ml), preferably about 2 v (ml), and morepreferably about 3 v (ml). A maximum amount is not particularly limited,but in view of production efficacy, it is about 30 v (ml), preferablyabout 25 v (ml), and more preferably about 20 v (ml). To the aboveprepared solution is added a heterogeneous catalyst, and reduction canbe performed in the presence of hydrogen gas.

As the heterogeneous catalyst, for example, a palladium/carbon catalyst,a platinum/carbon catalyst or the like can be used. An amount used isnot particularly limited, but the catalyst can be used at 0.001 to 1equivalent, and preferably 0.1 to 1 equivalent.

The reaction solution may be stirred at about 0 to 80° C., preferablyabout 20 to 40° C. usually for 1 hour to 36 hours, preferably for 2hours to 24 hours, but not limited thereto.

The step may be performed under the hydrogen gas atmosphere at a normalpressure, or may be performed under the pressurized atmosphere.

(Fourth Step)

The fourth step is a step of reacting the compound represented by theformula (IV) and the compound represented by the formula (V) to producea compound represented by the formula (VI).

As a solvent, the solvents described in the first step can be used.

When R⁵ is —C(═O)— and X is a hydroxy group, a condensing agent and abase can be used in the step. As the condensing agent, for example,1,1-carbonyldiimidazole, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, water-solublecarbodiimide(1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) or the likecan be used. Example of the base includes metal hydrides (e.g. sodiumhydride), metal hydroxides (e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,lithium hydroxide, and barium hydroxide), metal carbonates (e.g. sodiumcarbonate, calcium carbonate, and cesium carbonate), metal alkoxides(e.g. sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, and potassium tert-butoxide),sodium hydrogen carbonate, metal sodium, organic amines (e.g.triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, DBU, and 2,6-lutidine) or thelike.

When R⁵ is —C(═O)— and X is halogen, the aforementioned bases can beused in the step.

When R³ is —C(═O)—, R⁴ is optionally substituted alkylene, R⁵ is asingle bond, and X is a leaving group derived from halogen or a hydroxygroup, the aforementioned bases can be used in the step.

The reaction condition is not particularly limited, but the reactionsolution may be stirred at about −20 to 100° C., preferably at about −10to 80° C. usually for 1 hour to 36 hours, preferably for 1 hour to 24hours, but not limited thereto.

The above obtained compound (VI) is useful as an 11β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase inhibitor, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor, aJak3 inhibitor or the like.

The following Examples further illustrate the present invention, but thepresent invention is not limited thereto.

EXAMPLE 1

When the formula (I):

is the formula (VII):

results of reductive amination of 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone and acompound represented by the formula (VII) are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Before purification After purification Experimental Temperature(NMR ratio) (NMR ratio) No. R¹ R² Reducing agent (eq.) Acetic acidSolvent (° C.) Anti:Syn Anti:Syn 1 H H NaBH(OAc)₃ (1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq.CH₂Cl₂ 0 → r.t. 1.7:1 — 2 H H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂ 0 → r.t.3.7:1 20:1 3 H H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.) 2.1 eq. CH₂Cl₂ 0 → r.t. 3.6:1 — 4 H HNaBH₄ (0.18 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂ 0 → r.t. 5.5:1 — 5 H H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.)1.3 eq. MeOH 0 → r.t.   4:1 — 6 H H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂ 0  4:1 — 7 H H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂ r.t   4:1 — 8 H H NaBH₄(1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂ 50 1.8:1 — 9 H H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂−30 → 0 2.5:1 — 10 H H LiBH₄ (1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂—THF 0 → r.t. 2.5:1— 11 H H BH₃-Pyridine (1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. MeOH 0 → r.t. 1.7:1 — 12 H H2-Picoline-Borane (1.1 eq.) 1.1 eq. MeOH r.t.   2:1 — 13 H H Na (10 eq.)1.3 eq. THF—IPA r.t. 1.7:1 — 14 H H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.)   0 eq. CH₂Cl₂ 0 →r.t.   2:1 — 15 OMe H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂ 0 → r.t. 2.2:1 45:116 F H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂ 0 → r.t.   4:1 13:1 17 Cl H NaBH₄(1.1 eq.) 1.3 eq. CH₂Cl₂ 0 → r.t.   3:1 14:1 18 Me H NaBH₄ (1.1 eq.) 1.3eq. CH₂Cl₂ 0 → r.t.   5:1 50:1 (wherein r.t. means room temperature)

EXAMPLE 2

(Experimental No. 2)

5-Hydroxy-2-adamantanone (9.98 g, 60 mmol) was dissolved indichloromethane (150 ml), a compound I-1 (7.21 ml, 66 mmol) and aceticacid (4.46 ml, 78 mmol) were added thereto, the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1 hour, and then sodium borohydride (2.50 g, 66mmol) was slowly added thereto. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 6 hours, and allowed to stand at room temperatureovernight. The reaction solution was ice-cooled, water (30 ml) was addedthereto, the mixture was stirred, and then 2M hydrochloric acid (70 ml)was added thereto. The aqueous layer was washed with chloroform (20 ml),and the organic layer was extracted with 2M hydrochloric acid (10 ml)and water (40 ml). The aqueous layers were combined, 2M aqueous sodiumhydroxide solution (70 ml) was added to adjust to pH=8, and the combinedaqueous layer was extracted with chloroform (100 ml). The aqueous layerwas extracted again with chloroform (50 ml), and the organic layer waswashed with saturated brine (50 ml). Organic layers were combined anddried with sodium sulfate, and the organic solvent was evaporated underreduced pressure to obtain a solid (11.4 g, crude yield=73.8%). Thissolid was a mixture (II-1) in which an anti isomer and a syn isomer werepresent at a ratio of 3.7:1, by NMR analysis (300 MHz).

This solid was dissolved in warm ethyl acetate (10 ml), then hexane (100ml) was added thereto, and then the mixture was stirred for 15 minutesand stirred for 1 hour under ice-cooling. The resulting crystal wasfiltered to obtain a crystal (6.24 g, crude yield=40.4%). This crystalwas a mixture in which an anti isomer [compound (III-1)] and a synisomer were present at a ratio of 20:1, by NMR analysis (300 MHz), andthe purification effect by crystallization was identified.

Compound (III-1) ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): d 1.34-2.09 (m, 13H), 2.79 (s,1H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 7.24-7.36 (m, 5H).

m.p.: 106° C.

Results of powder X ray diffraction are shown in Table 2 and FIG. 1.

TABLE 2 Angle d value Intensity % 2-Theta ° Angstrom % 9.2 9.56 6.4 9.59.30 7.2 9.9 8.95 52.5 12.5 7.05 4.0 12.9 6.85 5.5 14.8 5.97 57.2 15.25.83 23.5 15.4 5.75 15.3 16.0 5.54 65.5 16.6 5.33 13.7 17.2 5.14 84.317.5 5.05 100.0 18.3 4.84 11.7 18.6 4.78 9.5 19.1 4.65 6.3 19.8 4.4786.0 20.7 4.28 21.0 21.2 4.19 22.0 21.5 4.13 35.6 22.2 4.00 4.5 23.23.84 4.7 24.0 3.70 11.1 24.4 3.65 8.3 24.7 3.60 5.7 25.9 3.44 7.8 26.53.36 5.1 27.7 3.22 4.6 28.6 3.11 7.7 29.1 3.07 5.5 30.1 2.97 18.4 30.92.89 7.5 31.4 2.85 7.1 32.4 2.76 4.7 33.6 2.66 5.0 35.2 2.55 7.0Diffraction angle of main peaks: 2θ=9.9, 14.8, 16.0, 17.2, 17.5, and19.8 degree

EXAMPLE 3

A compound III-1 (150 mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (3 ml), 10%palladium carbon (30 mg) was added thereto, and hydrogen gas wasintroduced therein for 2.5 hours. After the catalyst was filtered, thefiltrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain the residue ofa compound IV (100 mg, crude yield=102.6%).

Compound (IV) ¹H NMR (300 MHz, d₆-DMSO): d 1.17-1.95 (m, 11H), 2.50 (m,2H), 2.84 (brs, 1H).

¹³C NMR (75.4 MHz, CDCl₃): d 29.3 (2C), 30.0 (1C), 36.8 (2C), 44.8 (2C),45.6 (1C), 54.3 (1C), 67.5 (1C).

EXAMPLE 4

(Experimental No. 15)

5-Hydroxy-2-adamantanone (0.99 g, 6 mmol) was dissolved indichloromethane (15 ml), a compound (I-2) (content 98%) (0.88 ml, 6.6mmol) and acetic acid (0.45 ml, 7.8 mmol) were added thereto, themixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, sodiumborohydride (0.25 g, 6.6 mmol) was then added thereto under ice-cooling,and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reactionsolution was ice-cooled, 2M hydrochloric acid (8 ml) and water (15 ml)were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for a while. The aqueouslayer was washed with chloroform (15 ml and 10 ml), and the organiclayer was extracted with water (15 ml). The aqueous layers werecombined, 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (9 ml) was added toadjust to pH=8 to 9, and the combined aqueous layer was extracted withchloroform (15 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted again withchloroform (10 ml), and the organic layer was washed with a saturatedbrine (15 ml). The organic layers were combined and then dried withsodium sulfate, and the organic solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure to obtain a colorless oil (1.54 g, crude yield=89.3%). This oilwas a mixture (II-2) in which an anti isomer and a syn isomer werepresent at a ratio of 2.2:1, by NMR analysis (300 MHz).

This oil was dissolved in warm ethyl acetate (2 ml), then heptane (30ml) was added thereto, and then the mixture was stirred, and theresulting crystal was filtered to obtain crystal (0.36 g, crudeyield=20.8%). This crystal was a mixture in which an anti isomer[compound (III-2)] and a syn isomer were present at a ratio of 45:1, byNMR analysis (300 MHz), and the purification effect by crystallizationwas identified.

Compound (III-2) ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): d 1.33-2.07 (m, 13H), 2.76 (s,1H), 3.70 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 6.86 (dd, J=2.1 Hz, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.26(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H).

m.p.: 75° C.

EXAMPLE 5

(Experimental No. 16)

5-Hydroxy-2-adamantanone (0.99 g, 6 mmol) was dissolved indichloromethane (15 ml), a compound (I-3) (content 97%) (0.78 ml, 6.6mmol) and acetic acid (0.45 ml, 7.8 mmol) were added thereto, themixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes, sodiumborohydride (0.25 g, 6.6 mmol) was then added thereto under ice-cooling,and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The reactionsolution was ice-cooled, 2M hydrochloric acid (8 ml) and water (15 ml)were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for a while. The aqueouslayer was washed with chloroform (15 ml and 10 ml), and the organiclayer was extracted with water (15 ml). The aqueous layers werecombined, 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (9 ml) was added toadjust to pH=8 to 9, and the combined aqueous layer was extracted withchloroform (15 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted again withchloroform (10 ml), and the organic layer was washed with a saturatedbrine (15 ml). The organic layers were combined and then dried withsodium sulfate, and the organic solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure to obtain a colorless oil (1.51 g, crude yield=91.4%). This oilwas a mixture (II-3) in which an anti isomer and a syn isomer werepresent at a ratio of about 4:1, by NMR analysis (300 MHz).

This oil was dissolved in warm ethyl acetate (2 ml), then heptane (30ml) was added thereto, and then the mixture was stirred, and theresulting crystal was then filtered to obtain a crystal (0.32 g, crudeyield=19.2%). This crystal was a mixture in which an anti isomer[compound (III-3)] and a syn isomer were present at a ratio of 13:1, byNMR analysis (300 MHz), and the purification effect by crystallizationwas identified.

Compound (III-3) ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): d 1.34-2.06 (m, 13H), 2.76 (s,1H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 6.97-7.03 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.33 (m, 2H). m.p.: 79° C.

EXAMPLE 6

(Experimental No. 17)

5-Hydroxy-2-adamantanone (0.99 g, 6 mmol) was dissolved indichloromethane (15 ml), a compound (1-4) (content 98%) (0.82 ml, 6.6mmol) and acetic acid (0.45 ml, 7.8 mmol) were added thereto, themixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, sodiumborohydride (0.25 g, 6.6 mmol) was then added under ice-cooling, and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The reactionsolution was ice-cooled, 2M hydrochloric acid (8 ml) and water (15 ml)were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for a while. The aqueouslayer was washed with chloroform (15 ml and 10 ml), and the organiclayer was extracted with water (15 ml). The aqueous layers werecombined, 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (9 ml) was added toadjust to pH=8 to 9, and the combined aqueous layer was extracted withchloroform (15 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted again withchloroform (10 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturatedbrine (15 ml). The organic layers were combined and then dried withsodium sulfate, and the organic solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure to obtain a colorless oil (1.35 g, crude yield=77.1%). This oilwas a mixture (11-4) in which an objective anti isomer and a syn isomerwere present at a ratio of about 3:1, by NMR analysis (300 MHz).

This oil was dissolved in warm ethyl acetate (2 ml), then heptane (30ml) was added thereto, and then the mixture was stirred, and theresulting crystal was then filtered to obtain a crystal (0.31 g, crudeyield=17.7%). This crystal was a mixture in which an anti isomer[compound (III-4)] and a syn isomer were present at a ratio of about14:1, by NMR analysis (300 MHz), and the purification effect bycrystallization was identified. Compound (III-4) ¹H NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃): d 1.34-2.05 (m, 13H), 2.75 (s, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 7.27-7.29 (m,4H). m.p.: 91° C.

EXAMPLE 7

(Experimental No. 18)

5-Hydroxy-2-adamantanone (0.99 g, 6 mmol) was dissolved indichloromethane (15 ml), a compound (1-5) (content 97%) (0.87 ml, 6.6mmol) and acetic acid (0.45 ml, 7.8 mmol) were added thereto, themixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, sodiumborohydride (0.25 g, 6.6 mmol) was then added under ice-cooling, and themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction solutionwas ice-cooled, 2M hydrochloric acid (8 ml) and water (15 ml) were addedthereto, and the mixture was stirred for a while. The aqueous layer waswashed with chloroform (15 ml and 10 ml), and the organic layer wasextracted with water (15 ml). The aqueous layers were combined, 2Maqueous sodium hydroxide solution (9 ml) was added to adjust to pH=8 to9, and the combined aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform (15 ml).The aqueous layer was extracted again with chloroform (10 ml), and theorganic layer was washed with a saturated brine (15 ml). The organiclayers were combined and then dried with sodium sulfate, and the organicsolvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a colorless oil(1.15 g, crude yield=70.6%). This oil was a mixture (II-5) in which anobjective anti isomer and a syn isomer were present at a ratio of about5:1, by NMR analysis (300 MHz).

This oil was dissolved in warm ethyl acetate (2 ml), then heptane (20ml) was added thereto, and then the mixture was stirred, and theresulting crystal was then filtered to obtain a crystal (0.53 g, crudeyield=32.7%). This crystal was a mixture in which an anti isomer[compound III-5]] and a syn isomer were present at a ratio of about50:1, by NMR analysis (300 MHz), and the purification effect bycrystallization was identified. Compound (III-5) ¹H NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃): d 1.32-2.07 (m, 13H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 1H), 3.72 (s, 2H),7.13 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H). m.p.=103° C.

EXAMPLE 8

To a dimethylformamide solution (DMF) (5 ml) of a compound V-1 (150 mg)were added monohydroxy-2-adamantamine (140 mg), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole(HOBT) (31 mg), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (WSC) (174 mg), and triethylamine (TEA) (180 μl) under thenitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for14 hours. After completion of the reaction, 2N hydrochloric acid (30 ml)was added thereto followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organiclayer was washed successively with aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and saturated brine, and dried with magnesiumsulfate. A solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified bysilica gel chromatography to obtain a compound VI-1 (226 mg).

¹H NMR: (CDCl₃); d 1.06 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H), 1.53-120 (m, 14H), 3.72 (s,3H), 3.98 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 6.25-6.30 (m, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H).

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1

The mother washed liquid at filtration obtained in Example 2 wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, the solvent was evaporated,thereafter, silica gel chromatography (chloroform:methanol=100:0 to94:6) was performed, and fraction solutions corresponding to the formula(III-1′):

were collected. This solution was concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain an oil, which was allowed to stand at room temperature for awhile to obtain a solid (0.98 g) of a compound (III-1′).

Compound (III-1′) ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): d 1.46-1.71 (m, 9H),2.06-2.15 (m, 4H), 2.67 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 2H),7.24-7.34 (m, 5H). m.p.: 72° C.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

According to the method described in Patent Document 1, 11.0 g (antiisomer:syn isomer=3:1) of a compound (VIII):

was produced. AcOEt (11 ml) was added to the resulting compound (VIII)to dissolve it, and hexane (110 ml) was slowly added at roomtemperature. After the solution became cloudy slight, it was stirred fora while, a small amount of oil was adhered to a wall surface, butprecipitation of crystal was not confirmed.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

According to the present process, it is possible to produce compounds(III) and (IV) effectively, and the process is useful as industrialprocess.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a powder X ray diffraction pattern of the crystal of thecompound (III-1) obtained in Example 2, and peak values thereof. Anordinate indicates intensity, and an abscissa indicates a diffractionangle (2θ, unit: degree).

1. A process for producing a compound represented by the formula (II):

(wherein R¹ and R² are as defined below) comprising reacting a compoundrepresented by the formula (I):

(wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring) and5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone in the presence of a reducing agent.
 2. Theprocess according to claim 1, comprising reductive amination in which anacid is added.
 3. The process according to claim 2, wherein the acid isan organic acid or an inorganic acid (with the proviso that, an acidcomposed of a metal compound is excluded).
 4. The process according toclaim 1, wherein the reducing agent used in reductive amination is ahydride reducing agent.
 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein thereducing agent is a reducing agent selected from the group consisting ofsodium triacetoxyhydroborate, sodium borohydride, lithiumtetrahydroborate, pyridine borane complex, tetrahydrofuran boranecomplex, dimethyl sulfite-borane complex, 2-picoline borane complex andsodium.
 6. The process according to claim 3, wherein the solvent used isa solvent selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide,dimethyl sulfoxide, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform,1,2-dichloroethane, diethyl ether, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane,acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, toluene,tetrahydrofuran and water.
 7. The process according to claim 6, whereinthe solvent used is dichloromethane, methanol or ethanol.
 8. A processfor producing a compound represented by the formula (III) comprisingseparating a compound represented by the formula (III):

wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring) from a compoundrepresented by the formula (II):

wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring).
 9. A process forproducing a compound represented by the formula (IV):

comprising deprotecting a compound represented by the formula (III):

wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring).
 10. The process forproducing a compound represented by the formula (IV):

according to claim 9, comprising a step of producing a compoundrepresented by the formula (III):

wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring) by processcomprising separating a compound represented by the formula (III): froma compound represented by the formula (II):

(wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring).
 11. The process forproducing a compound (IV):

according to claim 10, comprising a step of producing a compoundrepresented by the formula (II):

wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring) by a processcomprising reacting a compound represented by the formula (I):

(wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring) and5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone in the presence of a reducing agent.
 12. Acompound represented by the formula (II):

(wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring) or a salt thereof ora solvate thereof.
 13. (canceled)
 14. A compound represented by theformula (III):

wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring) or a salt thereof,or a solvate thereof.
 15. (canceled)
 16. A process for producing acompound represented by the formula (VI):

comprising obtaining a compound (IV) by the process according claim 9,and reacting the resulting (IV) with a compound represented by theformula (V): A-R³—R⁴—R⁵—X (wherein A is an optionally substituted cyclichydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, R³ isa single bond, —C(═O)—, —O— or —NR⁶—, R⁴ is a single bond or optionallysubstituted alkylene, R⁵ is a single bond or —C(═O)—, X is a hydroxygroup, halogen, or a leaving group derived from a hydroxy group, and R⁶is a hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl).
 17. A crystal of acompound represented by the formula (III):

wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, carboxy,nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substitutedarylsulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfamoyl, or R¹ and R², when abinding carbon atom is adjacent, may be taken together with an adjacentcarbon atom to form an optionally substituted ring) or a salt thereof ora solvate thereof.
 18. The crystal according to claim 17, wherein R¹ andR² are each independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substitutedalkyl or optionally substituted alkoxy.
 19. The crystal according toclaim 17, wherein R¹ and R² are hydrogen, and a diffraction angle 2θ ofa main peak of powder X ray diffraction is 9.9, 14.8, 16.0, 17.2, 17.5,and 19.8 degree.